Prepare the ingredients: Gather fresh basil, garlic, Parmesan cheese, olive oil, and lemon juice.
Blend the base: In a food processor, combine basil, garlic, and Parmesan cheese. Pulse a few times until chopped finely.
Add olive oil: Slowly drizzle in olive oil while the food processor is running, blending until smooth.
Season the dressing: Add lemon juice, salt, and pepper. Blend until fully combined. Taste and adjust seasoning if necessary.
Store: Transfer the vinaigrette to an airtight jar or container. Refrigerate for up to a week.